9:45 am–11:15 am
PANEL 4: RACE and RELIGION

Chinos Indios as Sexual Deviants: Sodomy as Colonial Trope of Moral Panic in the Early Spanish Philippines
           Thomas David F. Chaves, University of the Philippines Diliman • Watch on YouTube

Christianity and Racism in Post-colonial Society: White Jesus, Black Piet and Normalized Racism in Ambon, Indonesia
           Hanry Harlen Tapotubun, Christian State Institution, Ambon, Indonesia

Religious Syncretism of Libad Apung Iru and the Kapampangan Pre-colonial Beliefs
           James Darwin N. Lagman, Mabalacat City College, Philippines • Watch on YouTube

8:15 am–9:30 am
KEYNOTE ADDRESS

The Successful ‘Portuguese’ Encounter with the Malay-Indonesian World of the 16th Century
     Prof. Leonard Y. Andaya, University of Hawaii at Manoa

The encounter of the Portuguese with the Malay Indonesian world of the 16^th century was characterized by the complementarity of both the “white” or European Portuguese and the “black” Portuguese or those who were of overwhelmingly local Asian descent. While the former provided the model for Portugueseness, it was the latter who succeeded in blending it with local cultures that were crucial to the success of the Portuguese enterprise.  The ability of the black Portuguese to understand local perceptions of meaningful unities of bodies of water—what in the Philippines is captured in the indigenous term “sabang”—enabled the Portuguese to establish thriving international hybrid entrepots at Melaka on the Malay Peninsula, at Makassar on the southwest peninsula of Sulawesi (Celebes) and at Larantuka in eastern Indonesia in the 16^th and into the 17^th centuries.

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Leonard Y. Andaya, PhD is Professor of Southeast Asian Historyat the University of Hawai' at Manoa. He has written on the early modern history of Malaysia, Indonesia, the southern Philippines, and southern Thailand. He is the co-author of "A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830"  (2015).